July 2 In 1885, the Plains Cree Chief Big Bear surrendered at Fort Carlton, Sask. In 1974, Ralph Steinhauer, a member of the Cree Nation, became the first Indigenous Lieutenant-Governor in Canada, for the province of Alberta. In 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada announced the dismissal of a new appeal from British Columbia First Nations over the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion. The court dismissed the appeal from the Squamish Nation, Tsleil-Waututh Nation, the Ts’elxweyeqw Tribes and Coldwater Indian Band, effectively ending the years-long legal battle over the project. July 3 In 1992, a Quebec jury acquitted 34 Mohawks for their part in the 77-day armed standoff at Oka in 1990. In 2011, Labrador’s Innu Nation voted in favour of a land and hydro deal crucial to a multi-billion-dollar Lower

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